Name at birth
Menachem “Mendel” Glaser
Date of birth
12/01/1916
Where were you born?
Where did you grow up?
Bersonov, Romania
Name of father, occupation
Alter Meir Eliyahu, Religious studies teacher
Maiden name of mother, occupation
Shayna Rachel, Homemaker
Immediate family (names, birth order)
Parents, Dina (sister), Yocheved (sister), Abraham (brother), Yitzhak (brother), and I
Who survived the Holocaust?
Abraham, Yitzhak, and I (father died in 1929 before the war)
 Glaser, born in 1916, grew up in a town called Sighet, which belonged to Austria-Hungary before the end of World War I. In 1918 this area, called Transylvania, became a part of Rumania. About 100 Jewish families lived at this time in Sighet. Glaser was brought up in a religious home and had three brothers and two sisters. His father was a teacher. Glaser attended a public school and, in the afternoon, a Hebrew school. He remembers no antisemitism during his childhood. From the age of eleven on, Glaser attended several schools in neighboring villages and lived with different Jewish families. In 1929 his father passed away and his elder brother supported the family financially. At the beginning of World War II, Glaser was working as a teacher.

In the spring of 1942, the Hungarian army occupied Transylvania and started to arrest local politicians. Glaser says, that he knew about the persecution of Jews in Poland at this time. In October, 1942, all male Jews were conscripted into the army and placed in special labor battalions. Glaser was taken with his battalion of 210 Jewish workers to the Russian front. Many laborers in the unit Glaser’s battalion replaced, had died during combat. Glaser immediately realized that surviving this service would be a daily struggle. The Jewish laborers had to build trenches and tank traps and were forced to serve as minelayers for the Hungarian army. Every day, many Jews were killed in combat. They lived in underground bunkers without heating or windows. Glaser notes, however, that the Jewish laborers received enough food and were not confronted with antisemitism or humiliation during their service for the Hungarian army.

In July 1943, as the Hungarian troops prepared to retreat, in the face of the Russian Red Army’s superior strength, Glaser and some of his Jewish friends deserted. But the Red Army saw them as the enemy anyway and arrested them. Glaser was taken on a march to a POW camp, together with 8,000 other prisoners of war of different nationalities. Those prisoners who were to weak to walk were shot on the spot by Russian soldiers. Many died during transport. The prisoner of war camp was situated in a large forest, and all the inmates had to live in underground bunkers. After a few months, typhus broke out and only 1,200 prisoners survived. Glaser states that there was no difference in the treatment of Jewish or non-Jewish prisoners. Although the Russian soldiers did not implement any executions, they did refuse to help sick inmates.

This situation changed when the remaining 1,200 prisoners were taken to a camp, situated in the Ural Mountains, which included a hospital. The inmates received medical treatment and most of them recovered. Glaser thinks that this change in the Russian behavior was because the Russian army realized that they could take advantage of the POWs.

In early 1944, Glaser, as well as many other Jewish prisoners, volunteered for service in the Russian army to fight against the Nazis. He was among the Russian troops which liberated Prague, Czechoslovakia. After the war, Glaser left the Red Army and returned to his hometown. He found that out of his family only two brothers survived the Holocaust. Glaser returned to Czechoslovakia where he got married, and in 1948 he volunteered for the Israeli army and moved to Israel. In 1956 he immigrated to the United States.

Name of Concentration / Labor Camp(s)
Where were you in the Former Soviet Union?
In Russia
Where did you go after being liberated?
Yablonitz, Czechoslovakia and then in late 1948 to Netanya, Israel
When did you come to the United States?
October 1957
Where did you settle?
Detroit, Michigan
How is it that you came to Michigan?
My wife, Bella, had an aunt who had come to the United States before the war who was living in the Detroit area. Bella’s surviving siblings settled in the area, with the exception of her sister Yoli who lived in New York.
Occupation after the war
Religious studies educator
When and where were you married?
September 7, 1947
Spouse
Bella Glaser, Homemaker
Children
Malka Littman, educator and Aura Glaser, clinical psychologist
Grandchildren
Three: Amir, Ron, and Yoav Three great-grandchildren: Maya, Lexi and Lilly
What do you think helped you to survive?
Faith (bitachon), determination to see my family again, and my mother who came to me in a dream and told me that I would survive the war.
Interviewer:
Charles Silow
Interview date:
04/04/2011
To learn more about this survivor, please visit:

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